| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
B2 |
USE: 'BE OBLIGED TO', OBLIGATION
Can use 'be obliged to' to talk about an external obligation, especially in institutional contexts. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
B2 |
USE: 'BE FORCED TO', OBLIGATION
Can use 'be forced to' to talk about an unnamed obligation, where the circumstances are beyond the control of the speaker/writer. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
C1 |
USE: 'BE SET TO', ASSERTION
Can use 'be set to' to talk about strong assertion about the future, especially in institutional contexts. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
C1 |
FORM/USE: HEDGING
Can use 'be' + 'not' + adjective + 'that-' clause to make an assertion less direct. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
C2 |
FORM: NEGATIVE
Can use 'be' + 'not' + adjective + 'to' + infinitive. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
expressions with be |
C2 |
FORM/USE: 'BE' + ADJECTIVE + 'NOT' + 'TO'
Can use 'be' + adjective + 'not' + 'to' + infinitive for emphasis. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
A2 |
FORM: AFFIRMATIVE
Can use the affirmative forms. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
A2 |
FORM: NEGATIVE
Can use the negative forms. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
A2 |
FORM: QUESTIONS
Can use the question forms. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
A2 |
USE: OBLIGATION
Can use 'have (got) to' to talk about obligations. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
B1 |
FORM/USE: 'I HAVE TO ADMIT'
Can use the fixed expression 'I have to admit' for emphasis. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
B1 |
FORM: INFINITIVE
Can use 'have to' as an infinitive form. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
B2 |
USE: SUGGESTION
Can use 'you (have) got to' to make a strong suggestion. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
C2 |
FORM: PAST
Can use 'have to have' + '-ed'. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
C2 |
USE: DEDUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Can use a range of present and past forms of 'have (got) to' to talk about deductions and conclusions. ► must ► had to |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
have (got) to |
C2 |
USE: OBLIGATION
Can use present and past forms of 'have to' + '-ed' to talk about obligations in the past. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
may |
A2 |
FORM: AFFIRMATIVE
Can use the affirmative form. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
may |
A2 |
USE: POSSIBILITY
Can use 'may' to talk about weak possibility referring to the present and the future. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
may |
B1 |
FORM: NEGATIVE
Can use the negative form. |
|
Details |
| MODALITY |
may |
B1 |
FORM: WITH ADVERBS
Can use 'may' with a limited range of adverbs (most commonly 'also') in the normal mid-position after the modal verb. ► adverbs |
|
Details |
